Restrictions and General Description
Is the syndrome due to disease of the brain, are chronic, characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function, i.e. the function of multiple memory, aphasia, apraksia, agnosia, and executive functions. Consciousness in general are not disturbed. Sometimes accompanied by psikologik disorders and behavior.
Based on the etiologinya of dementia are distinguished into:
• Dementia in Alzheimer's disease
• Vascular Dementia
• Dementia in Pick's disease
• Dementia Creutfeld-Jacob disease
• Dementia in Huntington's disease
• Dementia in Parkinson's disease
• Dementia diseases HIV/AIDS
Alzheimer's-type dementia prevalence most large (50-60%), followed by vascular dementia (20-30%).
Clinical Manifestations
Early symptoms of dementia are often in the form of difficulty learning new information and easy to forget against incidents that recently experienced. In a more complex cognitive function disorders appear accompanied by disturbances of behavior, namely;
• Disorientation of time and place
• The difficulty of doing the work of a day today
• Not being able to make a decision
• Difficulty speaking
• Loss of motivation and initiative
• Impaired control of emotions
• Social values Power interrupted •
And a variety of other psychological and behavioral changes (aggressive-impulsive, hallucinations, waham)
Clinical symptoms above on Alzheimer dementia develops slowly, gradually getting worse, until advanced stages sufferers become depends fully on the family that took care of him. Being on vascular dementia of acute symptoms appear, appropriate clinical vascular damage in the brain, the decline of cognitive function tiered in line with subsequent vascular damage attacks.
Criteria for Diagnosis of the Dimensia based on ICD-10 and PPDGJ-III Dementia (F00-F03) is a syndrome caused by a disorder in the brain, generally lasting chronic or progressive, diverse disorders characterized by lofty function, including memory, orientation, comprehension, calculation and capacity study, language and reasoning.
Consciousness is not foggy.
Impaired cognitive function is usually accompanied by deteriorasi control emotions, social behavior or motivation. This syndrome occurs in Alzheimer's disease, serebrovaskuler disease, and other conditions that affect the otal are primary or secondary.
The main requirement for the enforcement of the diagnosis is evidence of a decline in ability, either in memory or power think someone so interfere with daily activities.
Hendaya memory typically affect the registration process, storage and reclaim any new information, but the usual memories and already learned earlier may also be lost, especially in the final stages. Symptoms and hendaya above must have at least 6 months for real if you want to make a clinical diagnosis of dementia.
Diagnosis Of Appeal
Delirium
Depression
Artificial Interference
Schizophrenia
Management
Psychosocial governance is intended to maintain the ability of remaining survivors, impeding progresivitas decline of cognitive function, managing the disorder psikologik and behaviors that arise. Simple memory exercises, exercise orientation to reality, and brain gymnastics, membanu can inhibit the decline of cognitive function. Psikoedukasi to family/caregiver becomes a very important part in tatalaksana patients.
Dispensing anti dementia such as donepezil and rivastigmin is beneficial to inhibit deterioration of cognitive function in dementia of mild to moderate, but is not recommended for severe dementia. To control aggressive behavior can be given low-dose antipsychotic medication (haloperidol 0.5-1 mg/day or risperidone 0.5-1 mg/day). To cope with the symptoms of depression can be given an antidepressant (sertralin 25mg/day).
Penyulit
Anxiety and depression might strengthen and aggravate symptoms
The prognosis
The classic journey of dementia is a gradual worsening over the next 5 to 10 years that eventually lead to death. Patients with early-onset dementia probably has the disease travels fast
Bibliography
1. The Ministry of Health Medical Services Directorate of RI. Guidelines on Classification and Diagnosis of disorders of the soul in Indonesia (PPDGJ) III
2. Samuels SC, Neugroschl JA. Dementia. , 1993.
Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry,
3. Andreasen, Black, Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, edit, seventh ed. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, A & Wolter Kluwer Company, 2000, pp. 1069-1093.
